Geography & BiodiversityImportant2025-06-30

India Joins International Nickel Study Group

Q: Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the International Nickel Study Group (INSG)? 1. It is an autonomous, intergovernmental organization located in Lisbon, Portugal. 2. India joined the INSG to exclusively control global nickel pricing and establish production quotas.

1 only — Statement 1 is correct as INSG is an intergovernmental organization based in Lisbon. Statement 2 is incorrect because the INSG exists to exchange information and ensure market transparency, not to control prices or set production quotas.

Why focus: GS1/3 Geography & Economy — Critical minerals focus. 'How-Many-Correct' on INSG membership and India's top nickel import sources.

In News

What Happened

In June 2025, India officially joined the International Nickel Study Group (INSG) as a member country. The INSG is an autonomous, intergovernmental organization based in Lisbon, Portugal, focused on the global nickel market.

Why It Matters

This membership supports India's National Critical Mineral Mission by providing direct access to global data, market transparency, and international cooperation. Because nickel is a vital component for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, this move is crucial for India's clean energy transition and supply chain security.

Background

History & Context

The INSG was established in 1990 following United Nations conferences to improve information sharing among nickel producing and consuming nations. It shares its Lisbon headquarters with the International Copper Study Group and the International Lead and Zinc Study Group. India's inclusion aligns with its recent push for mineral security, spearheaded by the Ministry of Mines through initiatives like the National Critical Mineral Mission launched in early 2025.

What Changed

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India's Global Position: BEFORE, India lacked a formal participatory role in the INSG's intergovernmental dialogues on nickel. NOW, as a full member, India actively influences and participates in global nickel market analyses and policy discussions.
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Data Access and Transparency: BEFORE, India relied on secondary data for global nickel trade and supply chain metrics. NOW, India directly receives and contributes to high-quality, continuous data on primary extraction, smelting, trade, and recycling of nickel.
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Strategic Alignment: BEFORE, India's critical mineral strategies were largely domestic. NOW, its National Critical Mineral Mission is integrated with a globally recognized commodity group, boosting international cooperation on EV battery metals.

Prelims Angle

NCERT Connection

This development directly applies to Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 (Mineral and Energy Resources). While the chapter covers the distribution and conservation of traditional metallic and non-metallic minerals in India, joining the INSG reflects a modern shift towards securing 'critical minerals' like nickel, which are essential for contemporary energy transitions and non-ferrous metal industries.

Practice Questions

Q1

Correct Statement(s)

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the International Nickel Study Group (INSG)? 1. It is an autonomous, intergovernmental organization located in Lisbon, Portugal. 2. India joined the INSG to exclusively control global nickel pricing and establish production quotas.

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