International RelationsImportant2025-12-23

Launch of Operation Sagar Bandhu in Sri Lanka

Q: With reference to 'Operation Sagar Bandhu', consider the following statements: 1. It was launched by India to provide reconstruction assistance to Sri Lanka following the devastation caused by Cyclone Ditwah. 2. The financial assistance package provided under this operation consists entirely of non-repayable grants. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A: 1 only — Statement 1 is correct as Operation Sagar Bandhu was launched to aid Sri Lanka post-Cyclone Ditwah. Statement 2 is incorrect because the USD 450 million package is a mix of both a USD 100 million grant and a USD 350 million concessional Line of Credit (LoC).

In News

What Happened

On December 23, 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar visited Colombo to launch 'Operation Sagar Bandhu', delivering crucial humanitarian and reconstruction assistance to Sri Lanka following Cyclone Ditwah. India announced a comprehensive USD 450 million relief package comprising a USD 100 million grant and a USD 350 million concessional Line of Credit (LoC). The assistance specifically targets agricultural revival and infrastructure rehabilitation, notably including the installation of a Bailey bridge in Kilinochchi.

Why It Matters

This operation reinforces India's 'Neighbourhood First' policy and its commitment to being the primary 'First Responder' in the Indian Ocean Region under the SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision. By combining immediate grants with long-term credit, India is strengthening bilateral ties while helping stabilize a critical maritime neighbor's economy.

Background

History & Context

India has a strong track record of providing swift Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) to its neighbors, acting as a crucial safety net during crises. This was notably evident during Sri Lanka's 2022 economic collapse, where India extended over USD 4 billion in emergency aid. Cyclone Ditwah recently caused extensive damage to Sri Lanka's northern infrastructure and agriculture. In response, Operation Sagar Bandhu was structured to address both immediate relief and structural rehabilitation needs through targeted financial instruments.

What Changed

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BEFORE: Sri Lanka's northern infrastructure, including vital transport links in Kilinochchi, was severed by Cyclone Ditwah, disrupting supply chains. NOW: India is providing specialized engineering assets, such as a Bailey bridge, to rapidly restore physical connectivity and enable supply movement.
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BEFORE: Post-cyclone agricultural sectors faced severe capital deficits and widespread disruption, threatening local food security. NOW: The Indian assistance package allocates dedicated funds for agricultural revival, ensuring farmers have the resources needed to replant and recover.
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BEFORE: Foreign aid mechanisms post-disaster can sometimes heavily indebt vulnerable nations. NOW: India utilized a balanced financial approach, combining a USD 100 million non-repayable grant for immediate relief with a USD 350 million concessional Line of Credit (LoC) for sustainable long-term reconstruction.

Prelims Angle

NCERT Connection

This event directly connects to Class 12 Political Science - Contemporary World Politics, Chapter 5: 'Contemporary South Asia', which explores India's complex bilateral relations and its central role in regional stability. It serves as a practical application of 'Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)' and highlights the strategic use of 'Lines of Credit' versus 'Grants' in foreign diplomacy.

Practice Questions

Q1

Correct Statement(s)

With reference to 'Operation Sagar Bandhu', consider the following statements: 1. It was launched by India to provide reconstruction assistance to Sri Lanka following the devastation caused by Cyclone Ditwah. 2. The financial assistance package provided under this operation consists entirely of non-repayable grants. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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