The SHANTI Act, 2025 is an Act of the Indian Parliament, formally titled the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act, 2025. It was created to modernize India's nuclear legal framework and enable private sector participation to achieve the national target of 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047. The Bill was introduced on December 15, 2025, and received Presidential assent from Droupadi Murmu on December 20, 2025.
The Act works by establishing a unified legal structure, repealing the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act (CLNDA), 2010. A key mechanism is the opening of the sector, allowing eligible private companies and joint ventures to operate nuclear power plants, while the Union Government retains control over strategic activities like uranium enrichment.
A major provision is the overhaul of the liability regime: the Act adopts exclusive operator liability and removes the provision for supplier liability, which was a key barrier to foreign investment under the CLNDA, 2010. Clause 13(1) fixes the overall liability ceiling at the rupees equivalent of 300 million SDRs per nuclear incident, and introduces graded operator liability caps linked to reactor size (Second Schedule). Furthermore, the Act grants statutory recognition to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). The Act connects to India's broader Viksit Bharat strategy and its push for clean energy sources like Small Modular Reactors (SMRs).