The India-EU Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) is a concept for a comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and the European Union (EU). It is a broad trade arrangement designed to liberalise and promote trade in goods, services, and investment between the two economic blocs. Negotiations for the BTIA were formally launched in 2007. The talks stalled in 2013 over disagreements on issues such as tariffs, market access, and intellectual property rights.
The concept was recently revived and the negotiations were officially relaunched in June 2022. The negotiations for the comprehensive agreement were successfully concluded on January 27, 2026, and the final pact is now referred to as the India–European Union Free Trade Agreement. The agreement's mechanism involves phased commitments, including tariff liberalisation on over 90% of traded goods. Key provisions include expanded access for services, such as simplified visa rules for Indian IT professionals under the 'Mode 4' chapter for Intra-Corporate Transferees (ICTs). It also includes a Bilateral Safeguard Clause, which allows India to temporarily re-impose tariffs if a surge in duty-free EU imports causes serious injury to a domestic industry. The agreement connects to the WTO's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), incorporating modern standards. The BTIA's goals were split into three parallel tracks upon relaunch: a trade agreement, an investment protection agreement, and a geographical indications agreement. The agreement is currently undergoing legal scrubbing and is expected to be ratified by late 2026.