The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is a Ministry of the Government of India, serving as the nodal agency for all statistical activities and for monitoring the implementation of various government programmes. It was formed in 1999 through the merger of the Department of Statistics and the Department of Programme Implementation. This consolidation was designed to bring the generation of official statistics and the monitoring of development schemes under a single administrative umbrella.
MoSPI operates through two distinct wings: Statistics and Programme Implementation. The Statistics Wing is primarily responsible for coordinating statistical work, compiling national accounts, and conducting large-scale sample surveys. A significant recent change occurred in 2019 when the Central Statistics Office (CSO) and the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) were merged to form the National Statistical Office (NSO), streamlining the core statistical functions. The Programme Implementation Wing monitors the progress of the 20-Point Programme (TPP), tracks the performance of infrastructure projects, and oversees the implementation of the Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS). MoSPI is closely connected to the National Statistical Commission (NSC), which was established in 2006 based on the recommendations of the Rangarajan Commission and acts as the apex advisory body on statistical matters. While the structure of the statistical arm changed with the creation of the NSO, the Ministry's core mandate of providing reliable data and monitoring programme execution has remained constant.