Brick structure found in Kollidam riverbed traced to Sangam period, was used for water management: T.N. Archaeology Dept.
The structure became partly exposed after the water level in the Kollidam receded last month
360° Perspective Analysis
Deep-dive into Geography, Polity, Economy, History, Environment & Social dimensions — AI-powered, on-demand
Context
The (TNSDA) has discovered a brick structure in the Kollidam riverbed, near the ancient Kallanai dam, dating back to the Sangam period. The structure, identified using sonar and underwater exploration, is believed to be a 'Kurampu,' a water regulation system, highlighting the advanced water management capabilities of the Sangam era.
UPSC Perspectives
Historical & Cultural Lens
The discovery of a brick structure in the Kollidam riverbed is a significant addition to the archaeological evidence of the Sangam period (roughly 300 BCE to 300 CE). The size and proportion of the bricks (approx. 40x20x6 cm) closely match those found at other prominent Sangam sites like , , and . This consistency in material culture suggests a standardized approach to construction and widespread engineering knowledge across the region during that era. The structure is believed to be a 'Kurampu,' a type of check dam mentioned in ancient Tamil literature and inscriptions, demonstrating a sophisticated understanding of hydrology. For UPSC, this provides concrete evidence of the advanced socio-economic and technological development of ancient South India, moving beyond purely literary sources to physical archaeological proof of ancient engineering prowess.
Geographical & Environmental Lens
The location of the structure in the Kollidam riverbed, close to the (Grand Anicut) built by , highlights the historical significance of the Cauvery delta for agriculture and civilization. The Kollidam is the northern distributary of the Cauvery River. The study suggests the structure was designed to regulate the flow of water from the higher Cauvery into the lower Kollidam via the connecting river Ullar. This points to a complex, multi-river water management system designed to prevent flooding, ensure irrigation, and manage water resources effectively in a deltaic region prone to both drought and inundation. The transition from these early brick 'Kurampus' to stone anicuts and later iron sluices (during British rule) illustrates the evolution of hydraulic engineering in response to environmental challenges over millennia.
Scientific & Technological Lens
The excavation methodology employed by the and the (ASI) underscores the increasing reliance on modern technology in Indian archaeology. The use of sonar to map submerged structures and the deployment of trained divers for underwater documentation demonstrate a multi-disciplinary approach to heritage conservation. This is particularly relevant for riverine and coastal sites where structures are often partially or fully submerged. The ability to accurately date and analyze such structures based on brick dimensions and comparative analysis with other sites highlights the scientific rigor being applied to archaeological research in India. For UPSC, understanding the tools and techniques used in modern archaeology, such as sonar mapping, ground-penetrating radar, and carbon dating, is crucial for answering questions related to scientific advancements in heritage management.